What is lintel and types of lintel.
What is the Lintel?
A lintel is the beam placed across the openings like doors, windows and etc. in the buildings to support the load from the structure above. The width of the lintel beam is equal to the width of the wall, & the ends of it is the built into the wall. Lintels are classified based on their material of the Construction.
Horizontal lintels are easy to construct as Compared to the arches.
Bearing of the Lintel
The bearing provided should be the minimum of the following three cases.
- Ten cm
- Height of the beam
- 1/10th to one/12th of span of the lintel.
Types of the Lintel used in Building Construction
Lintels are classified based on the material of the Construction as.
1 – Timber Lintel.
In the olden days of construction the Timber lintels were mostly used. But now a days they are the replaced by several modern techniques, however in the hilly areas these are using. The main disadvantages with the timber are more cost & less durable and vulnerable to the fire.
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If the length of the opening is more, then it is provided by joining multiple number of the wooden pieces with the help of the steel bolts which was shown in fig (a). In this case of wider walls, it is composed of 2 wooden pieces kept at the distance with the help of the packing pieces made of the wood. Sometimes, these are strengthened by the provision of the mild steel plates at their top & bottom, called as fletched lintels.
2 – Stone Lintel.
These are the most common types, especially where stone is the abundantly available. The thickness of these are most important factor of its the design. These are also provided over the openings in the brick walls. Stone lintel is provided in the form of either 1 single piece or more than 1 piece.
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The depth of this type is kept equal to ten – cm / meter of the span, with a minimum value of fifteen – cm. They are used up to spans of two meters. In the structure is subjected to vibratory loads, cracks are formed in stone lintel because of it is weak tensile nature. Hence caution is the needed.
3 – Brick Lintel.
These are used when the opening is less than One – m & lesser loads are acting. It is depth varies from Ten – cm to 20 cm, depending up on span. Bricks with frogs are more suitable than the normal bricks because frogs when filled with the mortar gives more shear resistance of the end joints which is known as joggled brick lintel.
4 – Reinforced Brick Lintel.
These are used when loads are heavy & the span is greater than one-m. The depth of the reinforced brick lintel should be equal to ten cm or fifteen cm or multiple of the ten – cm. the bricks are so arranged that Two to three cm wide space is left length wise between adjacent bricks for the insertion of the mild steel bars as reinforcement. 1:3 cement mortar is used to fill up the gaps.
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Vertical stirrups of the six – mm diameter are provided in every 3rd vertical joint. The Main reinforcement is provided at the bottom consists Eight to ten – mm diameter bars, which are cranked up at ends.
5 – Steel Lintel.
These are used when the superimposed loads are heavy & openings are large. These consist of the channel sections or rolled the steel joists. We can use the 1 single section or in the combinations depending up on the requirement.
When used singly the steel joist is either embedded in the concrete or cladded with stone facing to keep the width same as width of the wall. When more than 1 units are placed side by side, they are kept in the position by tube separators.
6 – Reinforced Cement Concrete Lintel.
At present the lintel made of the reinforced concrete are widely used to span the openings for the doors, windows, etc. in the structure because of their strength, rigidity, fire resistance, economy & the ease in construction. These are suitable for all the loads & for any span. The width is equal to width of the wall and depth depends on the length of span and magnitude of loading.
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The Main reinforcement is provided at the bottom & half of these bars are cranked at ends. Shear stirrups are provided to resist transverse shear as shown in the fig.
Reinforcement ( R.C.C ) lintel over the window with projection is displayed in below fig.
Reinforcement ( R.C.C ) boot lintels are provided over the cavity walls. These will give the good appearance & economical. The flexible D.P.C is provided above as shown in fig.
FAQs
What is the lintel?
The lintel is a beam placed across the openings like doors and windows etc. in the buildings to support the load from the structure above. The width of the lintel beam is equal to the width of the wall & the ends of it is the built into the wall. The Lintels are classified based on their material of the construction.
Types of the lintel in Construction?
Lintels are classified as.
1 – Timber Lintels.
2 – Stone Lintels.
3 – Brick Lintels.
4 – Reinforced Brick Lintel.
5 – Steel Lintel.
6 – Reinforced Concrete Lintel.
What is The Steel lintel?
These are used when the superimposed loads are heavy & openings are large. These consist of the channel sections or rolled the steel joists. We can use 1 single section or in the combinations depending up on the requirement.
When the used singly, the steel joist is either embedded in the concrete or cladded with stone facing to keep the width same as width of the wall. When more than 1 units are placed side by side, they are kept in the position by tube separators.
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