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Work Characteristics of Land Surveyor.

The works performed by the Land Surveyor can be divided into 3 different parts. They are:

1. Field Work
2. Office Work
3. Instruments Care and Adjustments

Field Work Conducted by Land Surveyors

As mentioned in the duties of the Land Surveyor, he has to determine the points & their respective distances & angles which have to be recorded in the form of field notes.

The operations involved in the field works are.

• The initial establishment of benchmarks & all the stations as the reference. Based on these operations the horizontal & the vertical control is established.
• The angles between the Land Survey lines created have to be measured.
• All the details of the Land Survey are explained & located based on the stations & the lines between the stations. The details are the streams, buildings, milestones, streets, & any other natural or man-made features present in the area surveyed.
• For the Construction works related to buildings, culverts, sewers, bridges, & water supply schemes the lines have to set out & the grades are established by the Land Surveyors.
• Height or the elevation of certain points are determined by Surveying by the Land Surveyor. Or in either case, specific points have to be established in the required elevations.
• Carrying out topographic Surveying. This is the Surveying of contour of the given land which involves both vertical & horizontal controls.
• Parallel lines & perpendicular lines have to be established.
• The inaccessible points have to be measured.
• To conduct Surveys past the obstacles. Many miscellaneous field works based on the trigonometric & geometric principles have to be conducted.
• Determination of the meridian, latitude, & longitude or to determine the local time by carrying out observations on the sun or a star.

When dealing with field works, it is very important to understand the importance & the features of Field Notes.

Field notes are written notes that are prepared when the fieldwork is carried out. There are situations when the whole precision of the Survey & the fieldwork becomes futile if the value recorded is wrong.

Hence the Quality & competency of a Surveyor’s work are more reflected in the field record when compared to the basic elements of Surveying he performed.

The prepared field notes must be Eligible, Comprehensive, & Concise. The values & remarks have to be written in clean, clear plain letters & figures. There are certain basic rules to be kept while maintaining a field note. They are:

• As soon as the observations are made, the values are recorded in the field book.
• The pencil used must be sharp 2H or 3H. Never make use of a soft or ink pencil.
• It is recommended to have a simple style of writing that must be consistent.
• Try to use a liberal number of sketches.
• Each day of Survey work must end up with a brief note. This must have the title of the work, the date of the Survey, the conditions of weather, the personnel involved, the list of the instruments, & the equipment used.
• It is recommended not to erase. If a mistake is made, rule through the mistake, & the corrected value is marked above it.
• The daily notes created must be signed.

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The filed note Consists of three Parts.

1- Numerical Values

All the recorded measurements like length, angles, staff readings, offsets are recorded in this column on the field book. All the figures that are significant must be recorded correctly. Values nearest to 0.01 must be recorded. A value observed as 342.30 must be written as same and not as 343.3.

2- Sketches

The sketches will resemble the outlines, the Topographic features, & the locations relative to each other. These are not made to the scale. If we plan to place the measurements on the sketches, correct belongings must be made while marking it. Always make a sketch which makes the interpretation easier. This must avoid maximum confusion. The sketches must be large, open as well as clear.

3- Explanatory Notes

All those that cannot be conveyed through the values & the remarks must be written in the explanatory note section. These remarks will help to proceed with the later works.

Office Works Done By Land Surveyor

Drafting, Computing, & designing are the office works that have to be performed by the Land Surveyor.

The drafting performed consists of the preparation of plans & the sections. These must be plotted to the measurement & to scale and prepare the topographic maps.

The computing process is done in 2 cases. Initially, it can be done for the plotting. Secondly, it can be constructed for the determination of the areas & the volumes.

Instruments Care and Adjustments by Land Surveyors

If there is a good experience in handling the equipment, the works can be carried out with great experience & precision. This knowledge of handling will make us understand the limitations of the instrument & can take proper care of this equipment.

There are many instruments like the level, theodolite, etc. that require great care with delicate handling. There are many delicate parts in the instruments, if any of the parts get affected, it will bring a total complaint & total loss.

The relative positions of the instruments must be checked while taking out the instrument and during its placement back after the use. Straining the parts of the instrument will result in incorrect measurements.

The precautions that must be taken are.

• The instrument must not be lifted by holding the telescope or the circular plate. We must hold the footplate or the leveling base.
• The movement of the instrument from 1 place to another must be carried out by placing it on the shoulder. All the clamps are set tightly.
• When not in use, the lens must be covered.
• Setting up the instrument on a smooth floor without any kind of precautions must be avoided.
• The instrument must not be exposed to dust & dampness or direct sun rays. A waterproof cover can be used to cover and protect it.
• Not leave the instrument without any guard.
• The steel tape after use must be cleaned and kept dry. While measuring, vehicles are not allowed to move over it.
• In the case of a compass instrument, the compass must not be allowed to swing without any need. This is lifted off the pivot when not in use.